The Western Arctic from the CBL 2002 cruise
Monday and Wednesday 11:00-12:20
OTB (Ocean Teaching Building) 211
(NOW IN 205 - just down the corridor)
Spring Quarter 2007 - Ocean 506A - 3 credit graduate course
THE CHANGING ARCTIC OCEAN
- an interdisciplinary perspective for IPY
(International Polar Year 2007-2009)


Prof. Jody Deming
Biological Oceanography and Astrobiology
jdeming@u.washington.edu
Tel: 206-543-0845
Room: 370, MSB (Marine Sciences Building)

Dr. Rebecca Woodgate
Senior (Physical) Oceanographer
Polar Science Center
woodgate@apl.washington.edu
Tel: 206-221-3268
Room: 612C, 6th Floor, Henderson Hall,
Applied Physics Laboratory

COURSE CONTENT
- overview
- assignments/grading
CLASSES
- general schedule
- timetable and topics
LINKS
- lecture notes
- discussion papers
- other links
USCGC HEALY TOUR
  28th March 2007
NOTE DATE CHANGE
FEEDBACK
Last edited: 23rd May 2007
COURSE CONTENT
Overview
Recent years show unprecedented change in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean.
What is currently known about the complex Arctic Ice-Ocean system and the ecosystems it supports?
What will be the impacts of continuing change within and beyond the Arctic?
 In this interdisciplinary course, we will explore the interacting physical, chemical and biological components of the Arctic System, including:
      -- riddles of Arctic Ocean circulation
      -- defining roles of the sea-ice cover
      -- likely shifts in nutrient regimes and ecosystems
      -- and recent explorations of the seafloor,
and consider the impacts of Arctic Change on global climate, native communities, and future exploitation of an ice-free summer ocean.
The aims of the course are to develop:
     -- an understanding of how the Arctic ocean system works
     -- an understanding of observed and potential changes in the Arctic and impacts of these changes in the Arctic and beyond
     -- an appreciation of why we should care about Arctic Change.
Skill development: To thrive in research (and other careers) needs skills beyond scientific data analysis, for example:
-- discerning inquiry
-- coherent communication (written and oral)
-- competence in more than one discipline.
Homework and class assignments will be aimed at developing these skills, and the art/science of productive scientific debate.

Assignments/grading
Assignments are both written and oral.  There will be no tests or final exam.

Full details of the assignments will be provided at the start of the course.
Grade: Course grade will be determined from
- 2 written homeworks (each 30% of the grade)
- 1 team-presented oral review of a published paper (20% of the grade)
- class participation, especially in the weekly paper reviews (20% of the grade).
Written Assignments: There will be two written assignments:
Link to details of the first written assignment
- the first written assignment, due start of week 6 (30th April 07) (note change of date), will be an essay assignment, including some literature review (reference list of at least 5 papers) and some thoughtful analysis.  We encourage you to create an original graphic, flow diagram, table, etc to help convey your analysis.
Link to details of the second written assignment
- the second written assignment, due end of week 10 (1st June 07), will be to develop an experimental plan, suitable for an interdisciplinary 1-year IPY project.
Details (including topics from which to select) will be given during class.
Oral Assignments:  Each Wednesday (starting week 3, but excluding weeks when written assignments are due), there will be a ~ 20-30 min student-led discussion of a published paper.  Papers will be selected (with class input) a week in advance.  Everyone should read the assigned paper before the class.  The main points of the paper will be presented by a team of students in a ~ 10 min oral presentation, to be followed by a ~ 10-20 min class debate. Each student will help to lead one such presentation during the course, and all students will be involved in the weekly class debates.  Link to more details.


CLASSES
General schedule
Class meetings will be held  Monday and Wednesday 11:00-12:20 in OTB  211, with a few notable exceptions:
   --  the Wednesday 28th March (Week 1) class time will be devoted to a guided tour of the USCGC Healy (see below for details).
   --  
due to the absence of both instructors and a state holiday, there will be no class meetings on Monday 26th March (Week 1) or Monday 28th May and Wednesday 30th May (Week 10).  Thus, class meetings start in week 2 (Monday 2nd April).  Make-up classes will occur on Friday 20th April (12:30) and Friday 18th May (12:30). 
There will be no final exam. 
Office hours are available on request. 

Provisional Timetable
This is provisional timetable and syllabus.  Special sessions will be added at a mutually agreeable time. Contact us if there are other topics you would like to see covered. 
WEEK
Monday 11:00
Wednesday 11:00
Friday 12:30
Deadlines
1
Mar 26 - 30
 -- no class--
 Class visit to USCGC HEALY
 -
-
2
Apr 2 - 6
Course overview
Arctic Atmospheres and Oceans
-
-
3
Apr 9 - 13
Sea-ice - the physics
Sea-ice - continued, and climate change.
Paper Discussion
-
- Wednesday paper talk
4
Apr 16 - 20
Sea-ice - biology
Sea-ice - biology continued
Paper Discussion
Arctic Entrances and Exits - what goes in and out?
- Wednesday paper talk
5
Apr 23 - 27
Going round the Arctic - upper ocean circulation ...
.. getting things off the slope, tracers , and biology ..

- Monday 30th  April (note change) - first written assignment due
6
Apr 30 - May 4
Upper Ocean Arctic biology continued
... over and off the shelves
Paper Discussion

- Wednesday paper talk
7
May 7 - 11
Interdisciplinary case study - the changing Bering Sea -
physical processes
Bering Sea Ecosystem
Guest Lecturer
Prof. George Hunt
Paper Discussion

- Wednesday paper talk
8
May 14 - 18
Interdisciplinary case study - Arctic Polynyas: biological refuges, hotspots and bellwethers of change
.. continued, with ecosystem comparisons

"Atlantification"? - the role of Atlantic waters in the Arctic
- Wednesday paper talk postponed to Monday 21st
9
May 21 - 25
The Arctic as others see it - far field effects of the Arctic and Arctic Change
Paper Discussion
The human face to the Arctic - geopolitics and larger ramifications


10
May 27 - Jun 1

Memorial Day -- no class --
-- no class --

- Friday 1st June - second written assignment due

LINKS
Lecture notes and links
As the class progresses, some notes/handouts from lectures will be posted here.
Papers referred to in the lectures can be accessed HERE (password protected)

Wk2 - Monday 2nd April:        Lecture Notes (Overview and IPY - JD) as PDF (2.4Mb)
         AMSR (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer) movies of Arctic Sea-ice motion by Tom Agnew
         IPY (International Polar Year) Home page

Wk2 - Wednesday 4th April:    Lecture Notes (Atmos-Ice-Ocean Overview - RW) as PDF (3.5Mb)
         International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) site
         Thermobaricity illustration

Wk3 - Monday 9th April: 
   Lecture Notes (Sea-ice - RW) as PDF (1.8Mb)   *PAPERS*
         
Maths for sea-ice - salinity change of water on freezing; freezing versus cooling

Wk3 - Wednesday 11th April:     No new notes
          UW Program on Climate Change (PCC) with links to
                - the PCC Graduate Climate Conference (Oct 19-21, 2007)
                - Climate relevant lectures

Wk4 - Monday 16th April: 
    No new notes

Wk4 - Wednesday 18th April: 
    No new notes
          Christopher Kremb's website on sea-ice biology

Wk4 - Friday 20th April:     Lecture Notes (Arctic Entrances and Exits - RW) as PDF (3.9Mb)  *PAPERS*
 
Wk5 - Monday 23rd April:   Lecture Notes (Upper Arctic Ocean - RW) as PDF (3.9Mb)  *PAPERS*
         Environmental Working Group (EWG) Atlas of Arctic Data (decadal averages 1950s - 1980s)
         Polar Science Center Hydrographic Climatology (PHC) of Arctic Data
 

Wk5 - Wednesday 25th April:   Lecture Notes (Upper Arctic Ocean cont - RW) as PDF (0.5Mb) 
*PAPERS*
         Beaufort Sea Eddy Observations
 
Wk6 - Monday 30th April:     No new notes
          Carmack et al 2006 overview paper
 

Wk6 - Wednesday 2nd May: 
    No new notes
          Forest et al 2006 POC paper
 
Wk7 - Monday 7th May:   Lecture Notes (Bering Sea Physics - RW) as PDF (4Mb)    *PAPERS*
         NOAA Bering Climate Site
         BEST - Bering Ecosystem Study Homepage (UW)
                   - Science Plan
                   - Funded projects
                   UW Bering Sea Modelling Project (Zhang and Woodgate)
         PDO - Pacific Decadal Oscillation from JISAO
 

Wk7 - Wednesday 9nd May:     No new notes
          Hunt et al 2002 Oscillating Control Hypothesis paper
 
Wk8 - Monday 14th May:     No new notes
          CFL - The Circumpolar Flaw Lead Study
 
Wk8 - Wednesday 16th May:     No new notes                    *PAPERS*
          CASES - Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange Study
 
Wk8 - Friday 18th May:   Lecture Notes (Atlantic Water in the Arctic - RW) as PDF (5Mb   *PAPERS*
          Chukchi Borderland Project - CBL2002
          North Pole Environmental Observatory
        

Wk9 - Monday 18th May:   Lecture Notes (Polar-Global Links - RW) as PDF (1Mb)       *PAPERS*
 
Wk9 - Wednesday 20th May:     No new notes                    *PAPERS*
          ArcticNet
          Seafloor Features and Geological Processes by Blasco, Hughes-Clarke, Bennett, Bartlett, Beaudoin and Rainey
               
     
Discussion papers
Links to copies of the Wednesday Discussion papers.  Note these links are password protected (for copyright reasons).
The password and user name will be given in class, or you can contact us.  See HERE for notes for oral presentations.

Paper 1 (for  WK3 Wednesday 11th April 2007) - Sea-ice physics - Bruce and Steven
      Holland, M.K., C.M.Bitz and B. Tremblay (2006), Future abrupt reductions in the summer Arctic sea ice, Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L23503, doi:10.1029/2006GL02824.

Paper 2 (for  WK4 Wednesday 18th April 2007) - Sea-ice biology - Liana and Stephanie
       Riedel, A., C. Michel, and M. Gosselin (2006), Seasonal study of sea-ice exopolymeric substances on the Mackenzie shelf: implications for transport of sea-ice bacteria and algae, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 45, 195-206.
       also Bienfang, P.K. (1981), SETCOL - A technologically simple and reliable method for measuring phytoplankton sinking rates.

Paper 3 (for  WK6 Wednesday 2nd May 2007) - Ocean Circulation - Cecilia and Mike
      
Macdonald, R. W., E. C. Carmack, F. A. McLaughlin, K. K. Falkner, and J. H. Swift (1999), Connections among ice, runoff and atmospheric forcing in the Beaufort Gyre, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2223-2226.

Paper 4 (for  WK7 Wednesday 9th May 2007) - Bering Sea - Justin and Shane
      
Jin, M., C. Deal, J. Wang, V. Alexander, R. Gradinger, S.-i. Saitoh, T. Iida, Z. Wan, and P. Stabeno (2007), Ice-associated phytoplankton  blooms in the southeastern Bering Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L06612, doi:10.1029/2006GL028849.

Paper 5 (for  WK9 Monday 21st May 2007) - Polynyas - Brandon and Sean
       Heide-Jorgensen, M. P., K. L. Laidre, Ø. Wiig, M. V. Jensen, L. Dueck, L. D. Maiers, H. C. Schmidt, and R. C. Hobbs (2003), From Greenland to Canada in Ten Days: Tracks of Bowhead Whales, Balaena mysticetus, across Baffin Bay, Arctic, 56, 21-31.


Other papers referred to in the lectures can be accessed HERE (password protected)

Other useful links
As the class progresses, useful internet links will be posted here.
Jody Deming's research home page
Rebecca Woodgate's research home page

Useful links for searching for papers
   UW link to Engineering Village - can also be accessed off campus, via UW Libraries (then follow link in top right)
   UW link to ISI Web of Knowledge - ditto

Keeping up to date with Arctic annoucements (usual reports, sometimes jobs or cruise openings)
    Mailing list - ArcticInfo

Links to multidisciplinary Arctic planning and assessment papers
 
   NOAA Arctic Change site - source for much basic information explaining aspects of Arctic change, with many links to useful sites.  Good starting point to refresh your understanding of the basics, and get leads for areas of research.  Written for the public rather than expert scientists.
    SEARCH (Study of Environmental Arctic Change) - community wide concensus on changes observed in the Arctic written for scientists mainly, what's been happening and what might be done about it.  The Science Plan contains many references in many disciplines.  The Implementation plan is more a future "shopping list". 
     ACIA  (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment) - another community wide document (albeit challenged by a significant number of people) listing changes observed, written for scientists and policy makers.  The Marine Chapter (Chapter 9) also contains many references which may be useful starting points for a literature search. 
     NOAA State of the Arctic Report - a similar document, with less broad authorship, on the status of Arctic Change.
     International Polar Year
 
 

USCGC HEALY TOUR       WEDNESDAY 28th March 2007       (WEEK 1)
Healy photo
(image from USCG)
The USCGC Healy is the leading US research icebreaker.  Her home port is Seattle, and we have arranged for a science tour of the vessel on WEDNESDAY 28th MARCH 2007, prior to her departure to the Arctic for the summer field season.  The tour will leave from UW at 11am and return to UW around 12:30.  Transport is provided.  Further details will be provided by email to students of the class.  USCGC Healy
(image from USCG)

FEEDBACK
Your input is important to us.  This is the first time this interdisciplinary class has been taught.  Let us know what else you would like to see done in this class, what works well, (what works badly). 
Email Jody Deming or Rebecca Woodgate or BOTH